Universal manipulation program for disk work POWER  
Version 3.07 Copyright by PAVEL BREDER 1981, 1982, 1983  
Cleanup and reformatting by Jerry Davis (netzener.net)

   1. Using POWER
   2. General commands
   3. Commands for working with the directory
   4. Commands for working with files
   5. Commands for working with memory
   6. Commands for reading/writing sectors
   7. Commands for disks
   8. Options
   9. Installation

1. Using POWER 

   POWER is a universal utility program that supports working with files on floppy disks,
   as well as the handling of memory. The current version of POWER with its large number
   of commands is particularly suitable for the system system programmer.  The application
   programmer should use POWER with with great care, as the disk contents can easily be
   destroyed by writing to sectors with the directory or data files.  The same care should
   be taken when accessing memory, as POWER commands can destroy all memory contents
   including those of the CP/M operating system.  POWER is loaded from any drive and 
   responds with a copyright message and the drive prompt. e.g:

             POWER 3.03 on CP/M 2.2 1/2

     Copyright (c) 1981, 1982, 1983 by PAVEL BREDER
             All rights reserved. 01/03/83

   A=?

   POWER now expects the input of a command.

   Some commands display the directory (or file groups) on the screen with a sequential
   number.  This number is used to identify the file and for further processing of the
   command.  After the "Select:" prompt, you can select one, several, or groups of files
   using these numbers. 

   The digits must be separated from each other by spaces.  Ranges are marked by beginning
   and end number connected with a minus (-).  If the end of a range is missing, the last
   file number is automatically used.  For example:

   1 5 9 <cr> (files 1,5 and 9)
     1-7 <cr> (files 1 to 7)
     12- <cr> (files 12 to end)

   File name wildcards can be used to specify groups of files to be acted on. The display
   and selection then only takes place for this wildcard.  A drive designation before this
   wildcard specification or even just the drive designation alone make the command effective
   on the specified drive.  If the file name is unique, the menu is omitted and the command
   is immediately executed with that file name.

   If floppy disks are changed while working with POWER, a ^C must be entered to log in
   the new diskette.  A ^C also interrupts any command, while ESC cancels a command.  The
   character BS(backspace) or DEL allows you to correct a command line before entering the
   final RETURN.  Use ^X to delete the entire command line.  Entering ^P allows the log
   function to be switched on/off via the connected printer.  This setting is independent of
   the BDOS function ^P, i.e. when POWER is terminated, the printing of screen screen output
   is automatically canceled.

   In addition, further options can be specified for each command, enclosed in square brackets.
   If this information is missing, application defaults are used.  Defaults can be displayed
   on the screen with the LOG command.  The current value of the options displayed with the
   LOG command can be changed by entering the code letter enclosed in square brackets.  Each
   entry toggles the option.  It is also possible to set several options at the same time,
   e.g. A=[vp]

   File names 

   If a command is only to be applied to a previously specified file or group, the file name
   can be specified in the usual CP/M form after the command, e.g. COPY drive:filename.
   The wildcard characters ? and * can be used for file groups:
	
   REN *.BAK
   REN DATE.*
   ERA A??.*

   The *** string 

   This string stands for “all files”. After listing the directory the required command is
   applied to all files one after the other. Files with the status “R/O” are skipped when
   certain functions (REN, ERA...) are skipped.
  
   The *.* string 

   This combination also means “all files”.  For certain functions (REN, ERA...), the
   "SELECT?" prompt is displayed after the directory.

2. General commands 

   <drive>: - Select another drive

   USER  - Set current user (0-15)
   XUSER - Set destination user (0-15)
   EXIT  - Exit POWER, return to CP/M
   LOG   - Display of options and memory allocation
   SPEED - Control of the display output speed
   PASS  - Password entry (CP/M 3.x only)
   UR1   - User command 1
   UR2   - User command 2
   UR3   - User command 3
   UR4   - user command 4

   USER - Set current user (0-15)

   Example:   USER 1
              USER 8
   
   XUSER - Set destination user (0-15)
   
   Example:   USER 3
              USER 5

   EXIT - Exit POWER, return to CP/M

   Exit from POWER with memory test (? if error), return to operating system.
   Exit POWER with memory test (? if error), return to operating system. 

   ? - List of possible commands

   If an incorrect command is entered, the help function recommended.

   LOG - Display of options and memory allocation

   Also displays free user memory.  Option switches can be placed in square
   brackets.  Each entry toggles the option on or off.  See OPTIONS command!

   SPEED - Control of the display output speed

   Example:  SPEED i
	 
   i = 0...9 (0 - fast, 9 - very slow)
   The output speed can also be changed during the execution of a command
   e.g. TYPE) by pressing the keys 0 to 9. 

   PASS - Password entry (CP/M 3.x only)

   UR1 - User command 1
   UR2 - User command 2
   UR3 - User command 3
   UR4 - user command 4

   If user commands are installed, they can be called up. They must be
   specified in the following memory locations of POWER:\
	 
   UR1 140..147H
   UR2 148..14FH
   UR3 150..157H
   UR4 158..15FH

3. Commands for working with the directory

   DIR     - Display disk directory
   REN     - Rename file
   ERA     - Delete file
   SORT    - Sort the floppy disk directory
   SETRO   - Set file to read-only status
   SETWR   - Set file to read-write status
   SETDIR  - Set file to normal status
   SETSYS  - Set file to system status
   SET     - Display/set/reset any attributes
   SIZE    - Display the disk space allocation of a file
   RECLAIM - Restore deleted files
   GROUP   - Display the block numbers occupied by a file
   CHECK   - Display the checksum of a file

   DIR [UXi] Display disk directory

   U - all USER areas
   X - all logged-in drives
   i - i=1..9 Number of columns for displaying the directory

   Labeling of the files:
     *    - file is R/O (read-only)
     (..) - file is SYS (system-protected)
     >    - File is original file during copy operations
     <    - file becomes the copy during copy operations

   The [S] option can be used to suppress the display of system files.

   REN Rename file(s)

   The selected files can be renamed.  A prompt will request the new file 
   name. Entering an asterisk “*” in the name or the extension leaves
   the existing name or extension unchanged:
   
   *.ext  --> sets a different extension
   name.* --> sets a different file name


   ERA [R] Delete file(s)

   If the [R] option is specified, a query is made for each file as to whether 
   it should actually be deleted.

   SORT i Sorts directory contents for display

   The files are displayed sorted:

   i = 0 unsorted
   i = 1 sorted by file name
   i = 2 as 1, SYS files last
   i = 3 sorted by name extensions
   i = 4 as 3, SYS files last

   SETRO Set R/O attribute (t1)
   SETWR Reset R/O attribute (t1)

   Only files that are changed are displayed during command execution. 

   SETDIR Reset SYS attribute (t2)
   SETSYS Set SYS attribute (t2)

   Only files that are changed are displayed during command execution. 

   SET Display file attributes
   SET [+{1..8,S,R,X}] Set file attributes
   SET [-{1..8,S,R,X}] Reset file attributes

   Used to set (+) or reset (-) the high bit of the corresponding character
   of the file name (1-8) or extension (S,R,X) according to the following
   table:

   Filename characters
   
   1 POWER: File marker for “Original file”
   2 POWER: “Copy” file marker, public flag (for ZSDOS/ZDDOS)
   3 Enter access date (for DateStamper)
   4 User flag
   5,6,7 reserved for operating system
   8 Access protection (e.g. in Z-System)

   Extension characters
   
   S=t1 File is system file
   R=t2 Read-only status
   X=t3 Archive flag

   SIZE Shows the size of a file

   Displays file size in sectors, free sectors, kilobytes and
   total allocation blocks.

   RECLAIM Restore deleted files

   Files that have been deleted are undeleted if the allocation
   block chain is still valid.

   GROUP Shows allocation blocks assigned to a file
  
   Allocation blocks are storage units assigned to files in the
   directory.  The allocation block number of each block used is
   displayed preceded by the extent number for those blocks.


   CHECK Display file checksum

   Calculates a CRC checksum for the selected files.

 4. commands for working with files 

   TYPE - Display files
   COPY - Copy files
   LOAD - Load a file into memory
   SAVE - Save a memory area to diskette
   AUTO - Specify the default drive for the RUN command
   RUN  - Load and start a COM file from the default drive
   GO   - Load and start a binary file
   EX   - Start a program and return to POWER
   JP   - Start a program and return to CP/M

   TYPE  Display ASCII files as text
   TYPEA sector-by-sector display in ASCII
   TYPEH sector-by-sector display in HEX
   TYPEX sector-by-sector display in HEX and ASCII

   ^K ends the output, the next file is displayed. 

   COPY Copy files

   The selected files are copied to another drive. 
   Various options control the copying process:
   
   [A] automatic overwriting of existing files (overlay)
   [B] automatic renaming of existing files to *.BAK (back up)
   [C] ask if file already exists (ask)
   [D] do not copy if file exists (skip)
   [T] sets the order of copying according to size
   [M] marks original and copied files
   [Q] changes the name during copying (rename)
   [Z] deletes source file after copying (move)

   LOAD filename address - Loads file into memory

   The file is not changed.  The area of POWER and the end of the
   TPA must not be overwritten (see LOG).

   SAVE filename address [sect] - Save memory area starting at 'address' to a file

   The save operation is executed for the specified number of
   128 byte sectors.  Sectors can be omitted if the data in memory
   was previously loaded with LOAD. 

   AUTO drive: - Sets the drive for RUN command

   If a file name without an LW designation is specified for the RUN command, then 
   POWER attempts to load this program file from the drive that was defined with the 
   AUTO command.

   RUN [filename param] - Loads and starts the .COM file ufn

   Parameters may be specified as they would normally appear in the CP/M command line.

   GO filename address - Loads file 'filename' at address 'address' and starts it

   EX address [arg] - Starts program at address 'address'

   JP address arg - Starts program at address 'address'

   RET returns to the operating system. arg is command line as in
    the CP/M operating system.
     operating system.

5. commands for working in the memory 

   DUMP   - display memory contents
   FILL   - Fill memory area with specified bytes
   MOVE   - Restore
   DS     - Display and change memory contents byte by byte
   CM     - Compare two memory contents
   SEARCH - Search for byte sequences in memory

   DUMP  [address] Display memory area in ASCII
   DUMPA [address] Display memory area in ASCII without tabs
   DUMPH [address] Display memory area in HEX
   DUMPX [address] Display memory area in HEX and ASCII
 
   The data in memory address 'address' is displayed as text.
   Non-printable characters are not displayed.  If the address
   is missing, the display starts at 0h and then from the last
   address displayed. 

   The address can be entered as follows:

   .     - 128 bytes from the last displayed address
   ,i    - i bytes from the last displayed address
   ,,    - further from last displayed address
   adr   - 1 byte from address
   adr,i - i bytes from address
   adr,  - 128 bytes from address
   adr,, - all bytes

   FILL start end byte - Fills memory from 'start' address to 'end' address with byte

   All values (start,end,byte) must be specified in hexadecimal.

   MOVE start end start2 - Memory transport

   The memory area 'start' to 'end' is moved to 'start2'.  The transport
   takes place in ascending order, overlapping must be avoided.

   DS address,length - Display and change memory contents

   From the address 'address', the bytes are displayed individually in
   hexadecimal, binary, as ASCII characters and decimal.  It is then
   possible to enter a new value can be entered.  A letter placed in
   angle brackets indicates the form of the input (H-hexadecimal,
   D-decimal, B-binary, A-character where a preceding ^ hides bits 5 to 7
   from the character/CTRL/).  The following inputs switch between the
   individual input formats:
   
   .h hexadecimal inputs follow
   .d decimal inputs follow
   .b binary inputs follow
   .a character inputs follow
   ... the DS command is terminated

   CM start end start2 - Compares memory start..end with start2

   A byte-by-byte comparison of the memory contents is carried out and any 
   differences with address and content are displayed.

   SEARCH start end byte...  - Searches memory for bytes

   Search address 'start' through 'end' for 'byte' bytes. The bytes found
   are displayed with their address.  The bytes to be searched for must be
   separated by a blank character. 'byte' can be specified as:

   ? any byte, displays all bytes of the range
   “x” ASCII characters (strings) to be searched for in quotation marks

6. Commands for physically reading/writing diskette 

   READ    - Read disk sector by sector
   WRITE   - Write disk sector by sector
   READGR  - Read one or more recording blocks
   WRITEGR - Write one or more recording blocks

   READ trk sec [type nsec] - Read sector from diskette
   READGR ngroup [type nsec] - Read block from diskette
 
   From track 'trk', sector 'sec', 'nsec' sectors are read from the
   current drive.  If 'nsec' is missing one sector is read.  If the
   'type' specification is missing or if 'type' is not an address, the
   memory area 80H..0FFH is used. 'type' can be:

   XX - HEX and ASCII representation
   XH - HEX representation
   XA - ASCII representation
   address - no display, but store sector in specified memory area

   READGR works like READ, but with specification of the logical
   block number instead of track/sector.  The block number 'ngroup'
   corresponds to the information in the directory, see also GROUP
   command.

   WRITE trk sec [address nsec] - Write sector to diskette
   WRITEGR ngroup [address nsec] - Write block to diskette

   After track 'trk', sector 'sec' of the current drive, 'nsec' sectors
   are written from the memory area 'address'.  If 'address' is missing,
   then the memory area 80H..0FFH is used. If nsec is missing, then
   one sector is written.

   WRITEGR works like WRITE, but with specification of the logical
   block number instead of track/sector.  The block number 'ngroup'
   corresponds to the information in the directory, see also GROUP
   command.

7. Commands for disks 

   TEST  - Test all sectors of a diskette.  Repair or remove defective sectors.
   STAT  - Display of the available and free disk space on diskette
   RESET - Log off drive
   DISK  - Display disk parameters

   TEST [S] - Test of the disk for readability

   Test program for reading all sectors of the disk (including the
   system tracks with option 'S').  Faulty sectors are indicated by 
   “*”, the faulty sectors are listed with track and sector. 
   Finally, the CRC checksum of the entire disk is displayed. 
   If a faulty sector is found within an allocation block, the
   following functions can be used:

   SAVE Y/N - All faulty sectors are saved in a file and the faulty
              sectors can no longer be used.  This file receives SYS 
              and R/O status to prevent accidental deletion. 
   SHOW BAD FILES Y/N - All affected files are displayed.
   REPAIR Y/N - Attempt to rewrite bad sectors.

   STAT [drive] - Display free disk space on all active drives

   RESET [drive] - Resets drive d

   This command allows you to reset individual drives as though 
   the disk had been changed. With ^C all drives can be reset.

   DISK [drive] - Display drive 'drive' status

   Display of the physical and logical parameters of a drive.

8. POWER Options 

   The options listed below can be entered separately in the command
   line or in addition to a command. The corresponding option must be
   enclosed in square brackets. Some of the options function like a
   switch (On/Off) and can be set or reset at any time by entering the
   option again. If an option is not specified or missing, the default
   value is used which can be displayed with the LOG command.  The
   function described in the overview for each option is executed when
   the status is “ON”.

   General options 

   i (1..9) - Specifies the number of columns for displaying the directory

   $ - Create a SUBMIT file $$$.SUB for automatic return to POWER after
       the RUN command

   F - Search for COM files on the drive specified with AUTO (RUN)

   P - Page mode. Output stops after the display of 24 screen lines.

   R - Before executing the command, the following prompt appears: Y/N ? 

   S - Display system files

   U - Display the directory for all USER areas

   X - Display the directory of all drives that are online

   POWER Options for COPY 

   A - File with the same name is overwritten

   B - The existing file is renamed to .BAK

   C - When COPY is executed, the following message appears if the file 
       already exists: file exists, (B)ackup, (O)verwrite, (S)kip 
       B: like option B, O: like option A, S: like option D

   D - Don't copy if file with the same name exists

   M - Mark the original file (>) and copy (<)

   Q - Rename the file copy if possible (each file individually)

   T - ON: Abort if there is no space for the file to be copied
       OFF: Attempt to copy a smaller file

   V - Write check (read after write)

   Z - Delete source file after copying

9. Installation 

   The first sectors of POWER.COM (addresses 100H...2FFH) contain various 
   options which can be used to influence the operation of POWER. 
   It is best to use POWER itself for patching:

   - first determine the size of POWER.COM (SIZE command)
   - change the desired values with the DS command
   - Select the standard setting of the options (commands [ ])
   - Save POWER.COM again with SAVE POWER.COM 100 xx

   The following addresses refer to POWER 3.07. and contain only the tested
   configuration bytes.  For other versions there may be differences. 

   Address    Description                                       Default Value
   0100-0101  JP start                                          C3 10 03
   0103-0104  Reserved for MP/M systems                         1A 02
   0105       Number of lines for page mode                     18 (24d)
              (00 or bit7=1 means scrolling,
			  option [P])
   0106       Character for TYPEx for transition to next file   0B (^K)
   0107       POWER's prompt                                    3D (=)
   0108       Command character for DS                          2E (.)
   0109       Character code for change of direction for DS     7E (~)

   Address    Description                                       Default Value
   010A       Character for file with faulty sectors            3D (=)
   010B       Button for canceling any command                  1B (ESC)
   010C       Display for TEST command (0=no display,           01
              1=star for each sector, FF= complete sector info)
   010D       BDOS error mode (only for CP/M 3.x)               FF
   010E       Display mode for DIR command                      FF
              (0=standard, 1=wide, FF=wide with numbers)
   010F       Stop screen output except ^S and Space            20 ( )
   0110-0111  Storage of the system stack (used for EXIT)       63 EB

   0113       Separator for directory output                    00
   
   011A       Response to read error (COPY, LOAD)               01
              (0=abort, 1=ask for continuation, FF=ignore)
   011B       Fill byte for faulty sector (TEST, COPY, LOAD)    E5

   011E       Display of copyright                              01 
              (0 for BOOT and ^C, 1 only for BOOT, FF never)

   0120-013F  Program part that is executed with every ^C       C9 ...
              (e.g. RAM test in the entire TPA)

   Address    Description                                       Default Value
   0140-0147  Routine UR1                                       C9 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
   0148-014F  Routine UR2                                       C3 24 04 FF FF FF FF FF
   0150-0157  Routine UR3                                       C3 29 04 FF FF FF FF FF
   0158-015F  Routine UR4                                       C3 D3 04 FF FF FF FF FF

   0164       Number of columns i for directory display         03

   0169       Default value for SPEED (0=fast, 9=slow)          00

   0190       USER range set with AUTO for RUN                  00
   0191       Drive set with AUTO for RUN                       01 (A:)
   0192       Response to incorrect command                     00
              (0 - reference to HELP function,
			  1 - execute HELP,
              FF - execute HELP even with faulty arguments)
			 
   01D0-02EF  Command list, each separated by 20H               ... 20 00
   02F0       Drive + status for option [$]                     00 (A:)
              (OFF: Bit7 is set, drive in bit 0-3)
   02F1-02FF  Command for $$$.SUB                               'POWER'